Are There Cold Hardy Olive Trees? A Guide to Cultivating Olives in Chilly Climates
The dream of harvesting your own olives, even in a colder climate, is entirely achievable! While olives are typically associated with sun-drenched Mediterranean landscapes, advancements in horticulture have brought forth cold-hardy olive tree varieties that can withstand surprisingly low temperatures. This means you don't need to live in California or Italy to enjoy the fruits (and oils!) of your labor. Let's explore the world of cold-hardy olive trees and answer some frequently asked questions.
What is considered a cold-hardy olive tree?
The definition of "cold-hardy" is relative. Most standard olive tree varieties are severely damaged or killed by temperatures below 15-20°F (-9 to -7°C). A cold-hardy olive tree, however, can tolerate temperatures significantly lower than this, often surviving brief periods of freezing temperatures, even down to 0°F (-18°C) or lower, depending on the variety and the specific microclimate. However, even cold-hardy varieties will benefit from protection during extreme cold snaps.
What are some examples of cold hardy olive tree varieties?
Several olive cultivars have proven themselves more resilient to cold than their Mediterranean counterparts. Some of the most popular and reliably cold-hardy options include:
- 'Arbequina': Known for its high oil yield and relatively early ripening. It's frequently cited as one of the most cold-tolerant varieties.
- 'Mission': A classic California variety, 'Mission' is relatively cold-hardy and produces olives suitable for both eating and oil production.
- 'Lewelling': Another popular choice in cooler climates, this variety is known for its robust nature and ability to withstand colder temperatures.
- 'Frantoio': While not as cold-hardy as the others listed, it shows better tolerance than many standard varieties and produces high-quality oil.
It's important to note that even within a cold-hardy variety, the specific hardiness can vary depending on factors like the rootstock, the age of the tree, and the overall health of the plant.
How cold can cold hardy olive trees tolerate?
The exact temperature tolerance varies significantly between different cultivars and individual trees. While some can withstand temperatures dipping down to 0°F (-18°C) for short periods, prolonged exposure to such low temperatures can cause damage. Many cold-hardy varieties will experience some dieback at temperatures around 10°F (-12°C), but they usually recover in the spring. The best way to determine the appropriate hardiness zone for a specific cultivar is to check with a reputable nursery or supplier.
Where can I buy cold hardy olive trees?
Cold-hardy olive trees can be purchased from many online nurseries and local garden centers, especially those specializing in fruit trees. It's crucial to purchase trees from a reputable source to ensure you're getting a true cold-hardy variety that is well-established and healthy. Always inquire about the specific cold hardiness rating of the cultivar and its suitability for your local climate.
How do I care for a cold hardy olive tree?
While cold-hardy olive trees are more tolerant of cold than other varieties, they still need proper care to thrive. This includes:
- Proper planting: Choose a well-drained location with full sun.
- Watering: Regular watering, especially during dry periods, is crucial.
- Fertilization: Provide balanced fertilization to promote healthy growth.
- Protection from extreme cold: Consider wrapping the tree trunk in burlap or providing other protection during severe cold snaps.
- Pruning: Regular pruning helps maintain the tree's shape and promotes fruit production.
By choosing the right variety, understanding the tree's needs, and providing proper care, you can successfully grow delicious olives even in a climate that isn't typically considered ideal for olive cultivation. The reward of fresh, homegrown olives is well worth the effort!
