The term "wild cherry tree" can refer to several species within the Prunus genus, but they share many common characteristics. Identifying a wild cherry tree accurately requires careful observation of its leaves, bark, flowers, and fruit. This guide will help you distinguish it from other similar trees and understand its unique features.
What are the key features of a wild cherry tree?
Wild cherry trees are known for their elegant form, delicate flowers, and, of course, their cherries. However, the specific characteristics vary slightly depending on the species. Generally, you can look for these key identifiers:
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Bark: Young wild cherry trees have smooth, reddish-brown bark that develops into darker, almost black, bark with distinctive horizontal lenticels (small pores) as they mature. The bark often peels in thin, flaky strips, particularly on older trees. This is a crucial distinguishing feature.
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Leaves: Wild cherry leaves are typically oval-shaped with finely serrated edges (toothed). They are alternately arranged on the branches. Some species have pointed tips, while others have more rounded ones. The leaves often have a slightly glossy appearance and are usually 2-6 inches long. They frequently exhibit reddish-bronze coloring when emerging in spring before turning a rich green in summer. In autumn, the leaves display vibrant shades of yellow, orange, and red.
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Flowers: Wild cherry trees produce masses of small, white flowers in clusters (racemes) in spring. These flowers are usually five-petaled and have a delicate, sweet fragrance, attracting pollinators like bees.
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Fruit: The most recognizable feature, of course, is the fruit – small, round cherries. However, the cherries of wild cherry trees are often smaller and less fleshy than cultivated varieties. They're typically dark red or purplish-black when ripe. While some wild cherries are edible, many are quite tart or even slightly bitter. It's crucial to avoid consuming wild cherries unless you are absolutely certain of the species, as some are toxic.
How does a wild cherry tree differ from other similar trees?
Several trees share similarities with wild cherry trees, making identification challenging for the untrained eye. Key differences include:
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Black Locust: Black locust trees have noticeably different compound leaves (multiple leaflets on a single stem) compared to the simple leaves of wild cherry. Its bark is also much deeper furrowed and less flaky.
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Chokecherry: While closely related, chokecherry trees often have smaller, more densely clustered flowers and smaller, very tart cherries. The bark also tends to be less flaky.
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Plum Trees: Plums, like wild cherries, bear fruit, but the leaves and the bark will have subtle but distinct differences. Plum leaves are sometimes broader and less serrated.
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Birch Trees: Birch trees have very distinctive peeling bark that is light-colored, not the dark, flaky bark of a wild cherry.
What are some common types of wild cherry trees?
Several species fall under the umbrella of "wild cherry tree". Some of the most common in North America include:
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Black Cherry (Prunus serotina): This is one of the most widespread species, recognized for its fragrant bark and dark-colored fruit.
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Pin Cherry (Prunus pensylvanica): This species features smooth, reddish-brown bark on young trees and smaller, more reddish fruit.
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Chokecherry (Prunus virginiana): As mentioned previously, this has slightly different leaf and bark characteristics and extremely tart fruit.
How can I identify a wild cherry tree in winter?
Identifying a wild cherry tree in winter is more challenging due to the lack of leaves and flowers. However, you can still look at:
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Branch structure and buds: Wild cherry trees typically have a somewhat upright growth habit. Observe the color and shape of the buds.
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Bark: The bark, even in winter, will retain its characteristic dark color and flaky texture.
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Remaining fruits: If any fruits persist, they'll provide a clear clue.
Remember: Precise identification often requires examining multiple features. If you are unsure about the identity of a wild cherry tree, it's best to consult a field guide or expert for confirmation. Never consume wild berries without positive identification. Improper identification could lead to ingestion of poisonous berries.
